Bibiliography and Credits

Works Cited

“2008 Population Estimates.” U.S. Census Bureau American FactFinder. 2008. United States Census Bureau.
7 Jan. 2010 <http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/official_estimates_2008.html>.

I used this source for the current population estimates since the Census Bureau is a well regarded government institution whose job is to count people.

Bailey, Gil. “In One Hour, Bridge Went From The Danger List To Disintegration.” Seattle Post–Intelligencer
26 November 1990: A5.

I used this article for the witness account of the bridge sinking on the Disaster! page. The Seattle PI was a well regarded newspaper and the longest running paper in the Seattle area.

Ballard, Thomas A., et al. “I–90 Independent Review Team — Background.” 17 July 2009. Washington State
Department of Transportation. 2 March 2010 <http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/partners/IRT/background.htm>.

This source provided some information on why the bridge sank but was mainly used for my second favorite quote involving whatever it takes to keep the bridge afloat. The I90 Independent Review Team was a blue ribbon panel convened by Governor Booth Gardner to investigate the sinking of the bridge and reccomend ways to prevent the same accident in the future.

Boswell, Sharon and Lorraine McConaghy. “A bridge to the future.” 16 June 1996. The Seattle Times 1896-1996.
10 October 2009 <http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/special/centennial/june/bridge.html>.

This source is the second most important source in the project, it is an abbreviated outline of the bridge's history and the controversies sorrounding its construction, along with many useful and relevant quotes.

City of Bellevue. “Bellevue Blueberry Farms.” 2010. City of Bellevue – Find Bellevue Parks and Facilities.
4 March 2010 <http://www.ci.bellevue.wa.us/blueberry_farm.htm>.

This source was used for the information on the two remaining blueberry farms left over from Bellevue's agricultural days. It is published by the City Parks Department giving it credibility.

City of Seattle: Strategic Planning Office. “Decennial Population.” 12 April 2001. Seattle.gov: Department of Planning
and Development. 2 March 2010
<http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/cms/groups/pan/@pan/documents/web_informational/dpds_006755.pdf>.

This source was pivotal in my arguement that the bridge boosted Seattle's population as it clearly showed a jump in poplulation after the bridge was built. Without it the bulk of the Regional Impact Seattle page would not exsist.

Engstrom, John. “Our hearts sank Seattle's soul took the high road over a floating concrete bridge; [FINAL Edition].”
Seattle Post–Intelligencer 20 December 1990: C8.

This source was without a doubt the single most important source in my entire project. It is an extensive newspaper article (21 pages when copied into word) written after the bridge sank that essentially outlines the entirety of the bridge's history up to the sinking. It was invaluable and used everywhere in my site. The Seattle PI was a well regarded newspaper which gives this source credit.

Higgins, Mark. “Deal On Sunken Bridge Contractor To Pay State $20 Million To Settle Lawsuit.” Seattle Post–Intelligencer
1 September 1992: A1.

The consequences of sinking a bridge. I used this source for the very small tidbit of information at the end of the Disaster! page about the bridge being rebuilt.

Lange, Greg. “First automobile drives across Lake Washington Floating Bridge on June 5, 1940.” 14 Janurary 1999.
HistoryLink.org: The Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History. 1 March 2010
<http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&File_Id=681>.

History Link was an invaluable resource as it was the one credible secondary source I found other than the City governemt web sites. It is funded by Wasington State and the articles I used also recieved funding from the WSDOT giving it some degree of credibility.

Lange, Greg. “Lake Washington Floating Bridge is dedicated on July 2, 1940.” 14 Janurary, 1999. HistoryLink.org: The
Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History. 2 Janurary 2010
<http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=682>.

History Link was an invaluable resource as it was the one credible secondary source I found other than the City governemt web sites. It is funded by Wasington State and the articles I used also recieved funding from the WSDOT giving it some degree of credibility.

Martin, Jonathan. “Obama's mother known here as "uncommon".” The Seattle Times. 8 April, 2008.

This is by far the oddest of the articles I cite, it is an article completely unrelated to my topic but it contained a very vital piece of information: the population of Mercer Island in 1939. Without this article I would have been forced to throw out an entire arguement because I had no solid data to back it up.

McOmber, J. Martin. “Fledgling city with a sense of destiny.” 25 March 2003. The Seattle Times.

This article was extremely useful as it literally said the reason the Eastside experienced explosive growth is that the bridge was built. Which is a solid support for my thesis.

“Pontoon Bridge Sinks in Flooding As Seattle Is Battered by Storms.” The New York Times 26 November 1990,
New York ed.: A14.

This article was mainly used for the best quote in my site. It is the first quote on the disaster page. And since it is from The New York Times it shows that the bridge was famous enough that its destruction was heard across the country.

Reynolds, Peggy. “Bridging A Memory — Mercer Island Visionary Finally May Get His Due.” The Seattle Times
10 March 1993.

This article was used for the fact that Homer M. Hadley thought up the bridge design but got very little credit for it until the state named the companion span to the LAcey V. Murrow bridge, the Homer M. Hadley Bridge.

Rothschild, Mary. “Why A Floating Bridge, Anyway? Depth Of Lake And Economics Dictated The Highway On Pontoons.”
Seattle Post–Intelligencer 28 November 1990, Final ed.: A8.

This article was invaluable for giving me information on why a floating bridge had to be built and it couldn't have just been a regular steel truss bridge or even a suspension bridge.

“Science: Odd Bridge.” TIME 30 September 1940.

This article was mildly useful to show what most people thought of the bridge, namely that it was very strange.

Stein, Alan J. “Bellevue — Thumbnail History.” 9 November 1998. HistoryLink.org: The Free Online Encyclopedia of
Washington State History. 4 December 2009
<http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=313>.

History Link was an invaluable resource as it was the one credible secondary source I found other than the City governemt web sites. It is funded by Wasington State and the articles I used also recieved funding from the WSDOT giving it some degree of credibility. This article specifically was a valuable source for the history of Bellevue.

Stein, Alan J. “East Channel Bridge, first bridge to Mercer Island, opens on November 10, 1923.” 21 July, 2002.
HistoryLink.org: The Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History. 2 Janurary 2010
<http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3898>.

History Link was an invaluable resource as it was the one credible secondary source I found other than the City governemt web sites. It is funded by Wasington State and the articles I used also recieved funding from the WSDOT giving it some degree of credibility. This article specifically aided with the history of Mercer Island before the bridge.

Images: Site Wide

AARoads. West End of the I-90 Bridge Looking East. AARoads Interstate Guide. 29 August 2006.
6 Janurary 2010 <http://www.interstate-guide.com/images090/i-090_wt_68.jpg.>
Curts, Rachael. “Lake Washington Pontoon Bridge, Seattle.” Washington Postcards. Legends of America.
19 October 2009. 6 Janurary 2010
<http://www.legendsofamerica.com/postcards-pictures-of/wa-1014-LakeWAPontBridge.jpg>.
Lacey V. Murrow Floating Bridge Black and White. LIFE Magazine. 13 April 2009.
6 Janurary 2010 <http://www.life.com/image/50512112>.
“Old I–90 Bridge Collapse” KING 5 News. KING-TV, Seattle. 25 November 1990.

These pictures, taken from a variety of sources, serve as the decorative web site banner. I choose them because they went together well showing the history of the bridge from its construction to its collapse to today.

Images: Home Page

“P–1190 Lake Washington Bridge — Seattle, Wn.” Vintage Seattle.org. 18 April 2008. 6 Janurary 2010
<http://www.vintageseattle.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/lake_wash_bridge_01.jpg>.
“Back When Bulged, I–90 Floating Bridge” 1962. Vintage Seattle.org. 5 August 2008. 4 March 2010
<http://www.vintageseattle.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/aerial_bridge.jpg>.
WSDOT. “The Lacey V. Murrow Floating Bridge.” 1940. WSDOT Biennial Report Image Library, Seattle. The Tacoma
Narrows Bridge. 27 August 2005. 6 Janurary 2010 <http://homepages.tscnet.com/rickc/tnb/lvm_fb2.jpg>.
Interstate 90 Bridge with new Bridge on left, Seattle. Our History. 8 June 2006. Town of Hunts Point. 4 Mar. 2010
<http://www.huntspoint-wa.gov/sr520.gif>.

This image collage type thing on the home page of the web site serves strictly for decorative purposes. Vintage Seattle was an invaluable resource for high resolution historical photos and is quite a good blog.

Images: Disaster!

Siegel, Mark. “Interstate 90 bridge sinks.” November 1990. Puget Sound's top 10 engineering bloopers. 4 December
2005. The Seattle Times. 28 Feburary 2010
<http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/ABPub/2005/12/02/2002661508.jpg>.

I chose this image because it does an amazingly good job of illustrating the severe damage the bridge sustained when one section of it sank to the bottom of Lake Washington.

“Seattle Commuters’ Nightmare: One Lake Bridge Collapses, Second Closed.” Ellensburg Daily Record
26 November 1990: 10.

This image of a Newspaper article about the sinking of the Floating Bridge is used on the Disaster! page as an aid to the quotes and descripton of the accident.

Images: Regional Impact – Seattle

“Seattle’s 2000 Population Surpassed 1960 Peak.” Digital image. Seattle.gov. 13 Janurary 2005. City of Seattle:
Department of Planning and Development. 2 March 2010
<http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/cms/groups/pan/@pan/documents/web_images/dpds_006607.jpg>.

This graph of the population of Seattle from 1990-2000 is used to illustrate the bridges impact on the population of Seattle. It graphically represents the data from the Decenial population table.

Zeimusu. “Seattle, Washington skyline.” 17 Oct. 2005. Seattle. Wikimedia Commons. 17 March 2007. Wikimedia
Foundation. 2 March 2010 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_seattle_alki_01.jpg.

This skyline shot is used mostly for decorative purposes but also to illustrate the change seattle has undergone over the last 90 years and since the bridge was built. It is designed to contrast with the 1917 Seattle skyline shot on the page Before The Bridge.

Images: Before the Bridge

Pierson & Co. “Panoramic view of the Seattle waterfront, 1917.” 1917. Seattle. Wikimedia Commons. 28 June 2009.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2 March 2010
<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seattle_panorama_Pierson_1917.jpg>.

This skyline shot is used mostly for decorative purposes but also to illustrate what Seattle looked like 90 years ago before the bridge was built. It is designed to contrast with the 2007 Seattle skyline shot on the page Regional Impact – Seattle.

La Roche, Frank. “Image LAR013.” 1892. Digital collections, University of Washington, Seattle. 3 Feburary 2010
<http://content.lib.washington.edu/cgi-bin/getimage.exe>.

This image of Kirkland pre-bridge is an illustration of how different Kirkland was before the bridge and used mainly for decorative purposes.

Images: Hadler’s Folly

“Homer M. Hadley.” 9 April 2008. HistoryLink.org: The Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History.
5 March 2010 <http://www.historylink.org/db_images/HomerHadley.JPG>.

This image is a picture of Homer M. Hadley and puts a face on the most important man in the floating bridge's history.

Video

“Old I–90 Bridge Collapse” KING 5 News. KING-TV, Seattle. 25 November 1990.

This video was used to make the site more interactive and engaging to the viewer while the point could have been made with text and pictures alone, a video is a great way to get people interested and portray a much clearer picture of what happened.

Page Works Cited